What is a power substation?
High voltage substations can have different models in terms of voltage conversion or provision of switching equipment. For example, a substation built in a power plant can increase the output voltage of generators to the transmission voltage, and another substation can reduce this voltage for distribution in cities and industrial centers. In the image below, you can see the transmission substation that has been built in the outdoor environment.
Power substations are not only located in suburban areas and often need to be built in the heart of a city, industrial centers, or very large commercial centers. These substations are mostly of the reducing type and are used to convert high voltage to medium voltage (these substations are also known in Iran as above distribution substations).
Two main reasons for using high power substations:
A) Increase the voltage to reduce losses in energy transmission and decrease the voltage to provide the voltage required by consumers.
B) Optimal exchange of electrical energy between different parts of the network, ie increasing the stability and maneuverability of the network.
Types of substations in terms of the tasks they perform in the network:
A) Conversion substation (voltage booster – voltage drop)
B) Switching substation
Types of substations in terms of equipment location:
A) Out-Door substation
B) In-Door substation
Types of substations in terms of insulation system:
A) Gas substations (G.I.S)
B) Conventional substations
Here are some pictures and a video of a scientific camp related to the course ‘Protection and Relay’ for electrical power engineering students of Guilan University in 2015.
